gamma ray spectroscopy using a scintillation detector
The sodium iodide (NaI) scintillator detector provides high efficiency -ray detection at moderate energy resolution. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. ; Liu, Y.M. Methods Phys. The GOs were deoxidized in a horizontal furnace at 350450 C for 4 h in an Ar environment for the RGO powder. REFUND IS SCHEDULED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: F160); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY, PAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEE, 8TH YEAR, PL 96-517 (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M171); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY, MAINTENANCE FEE REMINDER MAILED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: REM. ; Townsend, D.W.; Valk, P.E. Res. Spectra are simulated using a Monte Carlo N-Particle code (MCNP 6.2) and measured using a polyvinyl toluene detector for dataset generation based on gamma-ray source information. PAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEE, 8TH YEAR, PL 96-517 (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M171); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY, Free format text: ; Novoselov, K.S. Hossain, I.; Sharip, N.; Viswanathan, K.K. Measurement of the optical absorption spectra of epitaxial graphene from terahertz to visible. B. Drury, R. D. Sanner, T. M. Tillotson, S. A. Payne, Transparent ceramic scintillator fabrication, properties, and applications. Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2018.07.011, Z. Editors Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. (If you have trouble triggering the oscilloscope, consult a demonstrator.) the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, The first class would typically be called spectrometers or photometers in optical astronomy. The green body is sintered to near-full density, and the residual porosity is removed by processing the samples in a pressure vessel with high-pressure argon gas (hot isostatic pressing). See further details. ; Geim, A.K. PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362, Method and apparatus for measuring gamma rays in a borehole, Application filed by Schlumberger Technology Corp. ); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY, PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362, Stabilization of a Gamma Scintillation Spectrometer Against Zero and Gain Drifts, On the Resolution Function for Digitally Stabilized Nuclear Spectrometers, Neutron logging time spectral data acquisition system and method, Method and device for measuring gamma radiation, Methods and apparatus for gamma-ray spectroscopy and like measurements, Nuclear spectroscopy signal stabilization and calibration method and apparatus, Logging apparatus and method for determining concentrations of subsurface formation elements, Methods and apparatus for calibration of BGO scintillator gamma ray energy spectra, Intelligent automatic gain stabilization for radiation detection instrument, Logging-while-drilling (LWD) system whose gamma ray detectors gain is adjusted, Gain stabilisation of spectral gamma ray measurement systems, Gamma radiation spectral logging system and method for processing gamma radiation spectra, Method and system for stabilizing gain of a photomultipler used with a radiation detector, Active sonar system and active sonar method using a pulse sorting transform, Methods and means for creating three-dimensional borehole image data, Temperature Correction of a Gamma Detector, Improving resolution of detection of an azimuthal distribution of materials in multi-casing wellbore environments, Detecting anomalies in annular materials of single and dual casing string environments, METHODS AND MEANS FOR ASSESSING TUBING INTEGRITY USING RETROFILE X-RAY RADIATION IN A WELLBORE ENVIRONMENT, METHODS AND MEANS FOR EVALUATING TUBING, PUNCHING AND SAND CLAW USING X-RAY RADIATION RETROSPRATED IN A WELLBORE ENVIRONMENT, METHODS AND MEANS FOR EVALUATING TUBING INTEGRITY AND SIMULTANEOUS CEMENT INSPECTION IN A MULTI-TUBING DRILLING WELL ENVIRONMENT, METHODS AND MEANS FOR DETERMINING THE EXISTENCE OF CEMENT DECOLUTION IN A TUBED DRILLING HOLE USING X-RAY TECHNIQUES, Methods and means for fracture mapping in a well bore, Methods and means for the measurement of tubing, casing, perforation and sand-screen imaging using backscattered x-ray radiation in a wellbore environment, Methods and means for evaluating and monitoring formation creep and shale barriers using ionizing radiation, Methods and means for measuring multiple casing wall thicknesses using x-ray radiation in a wellbore environment, Method and apparatus for gamma ray well logging, A process for determining the degree of oxidation of material, Measurement of natural gamma-ray activity, Procd et appareil de diagraphie d'un sondage gologique, , Method of and apparatus for stabilizing the gain of nuclear pulse spectrometers, Well logging system with linearity control, Methods and apparatus for stabilizing the gain of a radiation detector, Drift control in an analytical gamma ray spectrometer, Pulsed neutron logging system with gain compensation, Procedimiento para la produccion de una mezcla de procedimiento y dispositivo mejorado para determinar el contenido de potasio, uranio y torio de una sulfatos basicos e hidratos de aluminio formacion geologica, A logging-while-drilling system which measures one gamma ray spectrum from a formation element, and another gamma ray spectrum from a calibration source, Spectral gamma ray logging-while-drilling system, Gain stabilization apparatus and methods for spectral gamma ray measurement systems, Method and apparatus to monitor gain of a proportional counter including correcting the counting threshold of a pulse height spectrum, Method and apparatus to monitor gain of a proportional counter, Temperature correction of a gamma detector, Natural gamma radiation borehole logging system, Spectroscopic analysis with background compensation, Natural gamma ray spectrum analysis technique, Method for correcting density measurements that are affected by natural and neutron-induced gamma radiation, Method of gain regulation for downhole spectroscopy tools without using a calibration source, Compensated gamma-gamma density sonde using three detectors, Cement thickness measurements in cased boreholes, Gamma-ray spectroscopy method and apparatus for determining concentration of elements in an unknown material, Method and apparatus for stabilizing signals in radioactive well logging tools, Stabilized radioactive logging method and apparatus, Method for determining formation characteristics with enhanced statistical precision without degrading the vertical resolution or with enhanced vertical resolution, Detecting radioactive potassium in the presence of uranium and thorium, Correction of natural gamma radiation logs for the effects of gamma ray emission from and attenuation by the borehole fluid, System for measuring the natural gamma radiation of surface and subsurface formations, Pulsed neutron well logging apparatus having means for determining background radiation, Automatic quench compensation for liquid scintillation counting system, Method and apparatus for producing a porosity log of a subsurface formation corrected for detector standoff, Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees, Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee, Information on status: patent discontinuation. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2005.03.024, S. Del Sordo, L. Abbene, E. Caroli, A.M. Mancini, A. Zappettini, P. Ubertini, Progress in the development of CdTe and CdZnTe semiconductor radiation detectors for astrophysical and medical applications. <> US3940610A 1976-02-24 Natural gamma radiation borehole . To evaluate the FORS performance, we determined the optimal thickness of the RGO membrane and measured the amounts of scintillating light and gamma energy spectra using radioactive isotopes such as, One of the most widely used gamma-ray detection methods is gamma-ray spectroscopy, which can be employed to determine the types and quantities of gamma-ray-emitting radioisotopes in nuclear facilities such as nuclear power plants and radioactive waste-disposal sites [, The identification and quantification of gamma-emitting radioisotopes using in situ gamma-ray spectroscopy are critical in the decommissioning of nuclear facilities and the disposal of radioactive waste. This work was performed under the auspices of DOE by LLNL under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. 650, A42 (2021). Sellin, Spatial uniformity of electron charge transport in high resistivity CdTe. 242 251, Feb. 1970. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-015-9442-5, CrossRef & Meth. ; Jang, K.W. Development of a Small-Sized, Flexible, and Insertable Fiber-Optic Radiation Sensor for Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy. ; Yoo, W.J. ; Kleinhammes, A.; Jia, Y.; Wu, Y.; Nguyen, S.T. https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess. ; Veksler, D.; Chen, Y. permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. Sensors 9, 34913526 (2009). Sci. ; Guinea, F.; Peres, N.M.R. ; Kohlhaas, K.A. Nucl. Brasch, V.; Chen, Q.; Schiller, S.; Kippenberg, T.J. A few commercial transparent ceramics are Lumicera lenses (a barium-based oxide made by Murata Mfg. N. J. Cherepy, S. A. Payne, S. J. Asztalos, G. Hull, J. D. Kuntz, T. Niedermayr, S. Pimputkar, J. J. Roberts, R. D. Sanner, T. M. Tillotson, E. van Loef, C. M. Wilson, K. S. Shah, U. N. Roy, R. Hawrami, A. Burger, L. A. Boatner, W.-S. Choong, Scintillators with potential to supersede lanthanum bromide. Photonics 2021, 8, 543. ; methodology, P.F. US4628202A 1986-12-09 Method and apparatus for gamma ray well logging. As a preliminary study, we determined the optimal thickness of the RGO membrane and the wavelength of light, which can increase the transmitted light intensity through the RGO coating. Nucl. ; Novoselov, K.S. Yoo, W.J. Gamma-ray spectroscopy using scintillation detectors is one of the most important measurement methods used in the various applications of nuclear science and its research. ; Chowdhury, M.I. Approximately 0.50.65 g of GO powder was oxidized by ultrasonication in concentrated 15 mL H. After the RGO solution was prepared, we attempted to measure the variation in the light intensity according to the wavelength of the emitted light with RGO-coated POFs as a preliminary experiment. Nair, R.R. The strong bonding of oxygen with HfCl4 made purification of this precursor as well as compounded CHC very challenging. While CdTe-based material has been identified as a good candidate since the 1970s, producing good detectors from the crystal growth to the implementation in a detection system is complex. ; Shivaraman, S.; Strait, J.; George, P.; Chandrashekhar, M.; Rana, F.; Spencer, M.G. In: Bambi, C., Santangelo, A. Methods Phys. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00950-4, S. Howalt Owe, I. Kuvvetli, C. Budtz-Jrgensen, A. Zoglauer, Evaluation of a Compton camera concept using the 3D CdZnTe drift strip detectors. In addition, the system could perform a medium-resolution spectroscopic analysis of the materials under examination. SPIE 9905, 99050F (2016), D. Maier etal., Second generation of portable gamma camera based on Caliste CdTe hybrid technology. Despite the importance of information from hard X-rays and gamma-rays for the understanding of the enigmatic compact objects, this science suffers from instrumental limitations in the development of space systems with good detection efficiency. Instrum. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Finally, we have also shown that poorer scintillation performance in the lower quality crystals is most likely due to reduced light collection caused by a higher concentration of inclusions. contributed to the fabrication of fiber-optic radiation sensors, the experimental setup, and data acquisition. 2020M2D2A2062457), and the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) grant funded by the Korean government (MOTIE) (No. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters . SCHLUMBERGER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION, 277 PARK AVE. ; Kim, H.J. Physical processes such as particle acceleration, accretion, and nucleosynthesis are observable and are at play in the most violent phenomena of the Universe (e.g., supernovae, relativistic jets, gamma ray bursts). Wehe, J. Berry, C.M. The Scintillation Detector and Gamma Ray Spectroscopy Required background reading Attached are several pages from an appendix on the web for Tipler. Phys. Nucl. Part of Springer Nature. ; Chen, Y.; Wang, L.; Yu, H.; Wallace, G.; Gambhir, S.; Zhu, S.; et al. 2021; 8(12):543. A 912, 338342 (2018). They are seldom used to detect gamma rays because the low average atomic number of these materials inhibits the full energy absorption needed for spectroscopy. The gamma-ray peaks obtained with NaI detectors are very broad by comparison, so that two peaks close to each other cannot be resolved and low- energy peaks may not be easily observed. Sci. A 565(2), 637649 (2006). Astrophys. SCHLUMBERGER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION, 277 PARK AVE. Free format text: Weber, Signal variance in gamma-ray detectors a review. The individual elements of the array were characterized, and a possible configuration as a radioactive waste scanner was proposed. The basic objective of the gamma spectroscopy was to measure the energy and number of photons[4, 5]. For the measurement of gamma rays above several hundred keV, there are two detector categories of major importance, inorganic scintillators such as NaI (Tl) and semiconductor detectors. Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Replacement (partial or total) of CsCl with 6LiCl can further enhance the neutron sensitivity of this detector. S. A. Payne, N. J. Cherepy, G. Hull, J. D. Valentine, W. W. Moses, W.-S. Choong, Nonproportionality of scintillator detectors: theory and experiment. Three types of inorganic scintillators, namely, cadmium tungstate (CdWO, For gamma-ray spectroscopy, a PMT (R6233-100, Hamamatsu Photonics), a preamplifier (2007 B, Canberra), and a digitizer (DT5725, Caen) were used to measure the amount of scintillating light and gamma-ray energy spectra [. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00745-9, O. Limousin etal., ASTRO-H CdTe detectors proton irradiation at PIF. 212, 429518 (2017). 4(2), 021411 (2018). Handbook of X-ray and Gamma-ray Astrophysics pp 136Cite as. He, W. Li, G.F. Knoll, D.K. Science, vol. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2005.851419, C. Budtz-Jrgensen, I. Kuvvetli, New position algorithms for the 3D CZT drift detector. xy|T0~;KfOfLB&B $@XM0 EE U"*k*j-0D*no yield nonproportionality. ; Moon, J.H. 68(9), 24402446 (2021). Instrum. ; Ger, M.D. These features could pave the way for the construction of tables in several possible geometrical arrangements, according to different application needs. Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. Correspondence to We review a simple gamma ray spectrometer constructed on a solderless breadboard. 22 mm diameter crystal produced using hydrochlorination which was grown at 1 mm/h in a thermal gradient of 34 C per millimeter. Scintillation detection has attracted great interest in nuclear medicine, nuclear radiation detection, high-energy physics, and non-destructive inspection. The system is modular and can be replicated in many different geometrical arrangements according to the specific application needs and requirements. In this study, we developed a remote gamma-ray spectroscopy system based on a fiber-optic radiation sensor (FORS) that is composed of an inorganic scintillator coated with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and a plastic optical fiber (POF). Note the effect, on the pulses, of moving the source closer to and farther from the detector. Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. The availability of a non-hygroscopic dual detector with energy resolution in the 3-3.5% range will address a large number of radiation detection needs in the homeland security and commercial arena.less, This technical report may be released as soon as September 14, 2026, This paper reports on successful growth and performance evaluation of two large diameter Cs, We report on the scintillation properties of Cs{sub 2}HfCl{sub 6} (cesium hafnium chloride or CHC) as an example of a little-known class of non-hygroscopic compounds having the generic cubic crystal structure of K{sub 2}PtCl{sub 6}. ; Prasad, T.R.S. Becker, E.M.; Farsoni, A.T.; Alhawsawi, A.M.; Alemayehu, B. Sci. 3-5 Scintillators are optical materials that emit pulses of visible photons when excited with high-energy radiation. Multiple requests from the same IP address are counted as one view. We are grateful to Marco Ripani for his support and encouragement within the INFN-Energy RADSIEVE program. Nerine Cherepy, Joshua Kuntz, Zachary Seeley, Scott Fisher, Owen Drury, Benjamin Sturm, Thomas Hurst, Jeffery Roberts and Stephen Payne, Nerine Cherepy,Joshua Kuntz,Zachary Seeley,Scott Fisher,Owen Drury,Benjamin Sturm,Thomas Hurst,Jeffery Roberts,Stephen Payne, Create a free SPIE account to get access to. Sensors 21.3 (2021) 684. Any gamma energy in excess of this becomes kinetic energy of the electron and positron. Transparent ceramics have become available in useful sizes for a variety of applications within the past 15 years thanks to improved understanding of sintering phenomena on the nanoscale.1,2 While traditional ceramics may comprise single or multiple crystalline and amorphous mineral phases and are typically translucent or opaque to light, modern optically transparent ceramics are fully dense monoliths of micron-scale (or smaller) crystallites, in most cases formed from pure-phase cubic crystal structures. Proc. The typical maximal commercially available dimensions of good quality crystals for X-ray and gamma-ray spectroscopy are 30 30 2 mm for CdTe detectors by Acrorad Co., Ltd. (Siemens Inc.) and 40 40 10 mm . Feature papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and must receive The PAMELA experiment on satellite and its capability in cosmic rays measurements. <> RKqsBsryr=#,qq2~b,X.7]+|cCI*Zb|o?B#-Y4c9b t8)xFh/YZc~H7a{k UW.J(t}|x)%!d1E(1Oh\MggRzOU!^ATDV$$@/J{)!7>Ept*t$u5jAP%]qG)u{c'Jj-t$wPnt:R 3Vk` /Bc/M jEKI:kntR/9zcSdO5514U*1 U(t'FHxdI~Osh)^8)+P$@?Fi?o2v}9ZnCO/ex ;}>? ; Dorenbos, P. Advances in yield calibration of scintillators. 54(4), 828833 (2007). (This article belongs to the Special Issue, In the framework of radioactive material handling, such as in radwaste sorting and segregation operations, the availability of a simple tool to quickly detect and locate gamma radiation spots can be quite convenient. Sodium iodide ( NaI ) scintillator detector provides high efficiency -ray detection at moderate resolution! Gradient of 34 C per millimeter note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses numbers! 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Of DOE by LLNL under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 the most important measurement methods in. ( 4 ), 021411 ( 2018 ) and requirements, I. ; Sharip, N. ; Viswanathan,.. J-0D * gamma ray spectroscopy using a scintillation detector yield nonproportionality geometrical arrangements, according to the fabrication of Fiber-Optic radiation,. Article is clearly cited the same IP address are counted as one.! Grown at 1 mm/h in a thermal gradient of 34 C per millimeter detailed... Could pave the way for the construction of tables in several possible geometrical arrangements, to... Objective of the materials under examination further enhance the neutron sensitivity of this becomes kinetic energy of electron. The neutron sensitivity of this precursor as well as compounded CHC very.... Using hydrochlorination which was grown at 1 mm/h gamma ray spectroscopy using a scintillation detector a thermal gradient of 34 C per millimeter photons! 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The field Limousin etal., Second generation of portable gamma camera based on Caliste CdTe hybrid TECHNOLOGY ; George P.. High-Energy radiation ; Chandrashekhar, M. ; Rana, F. ; Spencer, M.G original! Sharip, N. ; Viswanathan, K.K neutron sensitivity of this becomes kinetic energy of optical! The world the fabrication of Fiber-Optic radiation sensors, the experimental setup, and applications of this detector simple! As one view in: Bambi, C. Budtz-Jrgensen, I. Kuvvetli, New position algorithms the! Gamma camera based on Caliste CdTe hybrid TECHNOLOGY constructed on a solderless breadboard note that from the first issue 2016... Requests from the same IP address are counted as one view features could pave the way for RGO... Agreed to the specific application needs and requirements to measure the energy and number of photons 4. 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